The quest for scale.
Layer 1 is the foundation -- Ethereum mainnet, the settlement layer. Secure but slow, expensive but trustless. Every transaction is final.
15 transactions per second is not enough for a global financial system. The quest begins: how to scale without sacrificing security.
Optimistic and ZK rollups bundle hundreds of transactions off-chain, posting compressed proofs back to L1. Scale achieved.
Layer 3s atop Layer 2s. Application-specific chains. The modular blockchain thesis comes alive as layers compose.