layer 2 report

What is Layer 2

Layer 2 solutions are scaling mechanisms that operate on top of the Ethereum blockchain, processing transactions off-chain while inheriting security from the base layer. They enable thousands of transactions per second with minimal latency, making blockchain applications practical for mainstream use.

Three Approaches to Scaling

Optimistic Rollups

Assume transactions are valid by default, only challenging fraud when detected.

Arbitrum, Optimism, Base

Zero-Knowledge Rollups

Use cryptographic proofs to verify transactions without re-execution.

zkSync, StarkNet

Sidechains & Channels

Independent chains with periodic settlement to mainnet.

Polygon, Plasma

4,000+

Transactions per second across Layer 2 networks

The future of blockchain is layered, sovereign, and elegant.