FOOTPRINT

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observed canopy density decline since 1990

Bleached Horizons

Since 1998, the world has lost roughly half its coral reef coverage. What remains bleaches faster with each marine heatwave. The reef does not recover on human timescales.

Great Barrier Reef 50% bleached 2016-2020

Caribbean Reefs 80% lost since 1970

Indo-Pacific +2C threshold projected 2040

Global Ocean 14% of reefs dead 2009-2018

Fractured Permafrost

1,500 gigatons of carbon locked in permafrost globally

70% could thaw by 2100 under current trajectory

2x atmospheric CO2 stored in frozen northern soils

+4.6C Arctic warming rate compared to global average since 1979

24% of northern hemisphere underlain by permafrost

methane positive feedback thawing releases greenhouse gases that accelerate thawing

carbon sink: 3-5x forest nursery for 75% of fish species 35% lost since 1980 storm surge buffer: 66% reduction

The Root Network

Mangrove forests line the coasts of 118 countries and territories. Their tangled root systems trap sediment, buffer storm surges, and sequester carbon at rates three to five times higher than terrestrial forests. Yet they are being cleared for shrimp farms, coastal development, and rising seas at an alarming pace.

Each root severed is a thread pulled from the coastal safety net. The loss compounds: without roots to trap sediment, coastlines erode. Without canopy, carbon releases. Without nursery habitat, fisheries collapse.

field notes: mangrove loss correlates with 2.3x increase in coastal flood damage costs per km of cleared coastline

aggregate annual carbon footprint

36.8

billion tonnes CO2

2024

measurement continues