CONCEPTS

.NEWS
EPISTEMOLOGY

The Cartography of Knowing

How do we map the territory between belief and justified true belief, and what happens when the map itself becomes the territory?

TRUTH JUSTIFICATION BELIEF
EPISTEMOLOGY ONTOLOGY AESTHETICS ETHICS LOGIC LANGUAGE

The Gettier Problem Revisited

When justified true belief fails as a definition of knowledge, what epistemic framework remains?

EPISTEMOLOGY

Mereological Composition

When do parts compose a whole? The special composition question challenges our intuitions about objects.

ONTOLOGY

The Trolley Problem's Children

How variants of a single thought experiment generated an entire subfield of applied ethical reasoning.

ETHICS

Predicate Logic and Natural Language

The gap between formal logical systems and the messy, ambiguous structures of everyday speech.

LOGIC

Wittgenstein's Ladder

The paradox of using language to demonstrate the limits of language, and what remains unsayable.

LANGUAGE

The Sublime and the Beautiful

Burke's distinction between aesthetic categories that delight and those that overwhelm remains surprisingly durable.

AESTHETICS

On the Nature of Conceptual Boundaries

Every concept inhabits a territory with contested borders. We speak of "knowledge" as though it were a discrete thing, bounded and containable, but the history of epistemology is really a history of boundary disputes. Where does belief end and knowledge begin? The answer shifts with each generation of philosophers, each bringing new surveying instruments to the same unmappable terrain.

"The limits of my language mean the limits of my world."

-- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 5.6

Consider the concept of "causation." David Hume argued that we never observe causation itself -- only constant conjunction. We see one billiard ball strike another, and the second moves; but the necessary connection between these events is supplied by our minds, not by the world. This insight, radical in 1739, remains the foundation of every subsequent debate about causal inference1.

The modern philosopher faces an additional challenge: concepts themselves have become objects of study. Metalanguage eats its own tail. When we analyze "truth," we deploy truth-apt propositions; when we investigate "meaning," we rely on meaningful sentences. This recursive quality is not a flaw but a feature -- it is what makes philosophy perpetually self-renewing, a field that cannot exhaust its subject matter because it is its own subject matter2.

"Philosophy is a battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence by means of language."

-- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, §109

What concepts.news proposes is not a resolution of these boundary disputes but an ongoing cartography -- a living map of the conceptual landscape, updated with each new argument, each fresh perspective. The territory changes as we map it, and the map changes us as we read it. This is the nature of ideas: they are not static specimens in jars but living organisms that grow, mutate, and occasionally devour their keepers.

Gk. episteme: knowledge; logos: study
cf. JTB analysis: S knows p iff p is true, S believes p, S is justified
Hume, 1739. "Custom is the great guide of human life."
See also: Tarski's undefinability theorem (1936)
KNOWLEDGE EPISTEMOLOGY ONTOLOGY TRUTH ETHICS LOGIC LANGUAGE AESTHETICS CAUSATION
concepts.news
A periodical of abstract ideas.